Hieronymus Bosch Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Hieronymus Bosch - Essay Example Nobody knows exactly when he was born, because his birth was never documented. He was the fourth child in a family of five and was born immediately into a family of painters (â€Å"Bosch† 8). His great-grandfather (Thomas van Aken), grandfather (Jan van Aken) and father (Anthonis van Aken), his brother Goessen and at least three of his uncles were painters. The workshop of the Van Aken family was first on The Vughterstraat in Den Bosch, later they moved the workshop to De Markt, the market (Jheronimus Bosch Art Center). Family Almost nothing is known about the youth of Hieronymus Bosch. Suspected is that he studied and worked in the atelier of his father (DK Publishing 9). The only facts that did surface about his personal life were found in official documents and reports of the city of Den Bosch. In 1478, Hieronymus’ father died and he and his brother Goossen took over the workshop (DK Publishing 8). This atelier was located in â€Å"In Sint Thoenis†, a building his father had bought in 1462, on the eastside of the Markt in Den Bosch. On January 3rd 1481, Hieronymus renounced his part of the parental house, what he left to his brother Goossen, after his brother Jan and sister Herbertke had done the same. On June 15th 1481, Hieronymus got married to Aleid van de Meervenne. He married above his class and improved his financial status. Due to this marriage, he probably got possession of the building â€Å"Inden Salvatoer†, which is located on the northside of the Markt, where he developed a new workshop. The marriage stayed childless (Jheronimus Bosch Art Center). The Naming of the Master Painter As from 1490, Hieronymus signed his work with ‘Jheronimus Bosch’ and in 1504 he was mentioned in the accounts of the city of Den Bosch under the name of ‘Jeronimus Van Aeken’. In 1510, he was mentioned as ‘Jheronimus van Aken, who calls himself Jheronimus Bosch’ (Bosing 14). This could indicate that Hiero nymus was also known outside of Den Bosch, or that he lived outside for a while. Remarkable is that he was called a ‘master’ only after his death, although his brother was called a master long before. Religious Life Just like his father and grandfather, Hieronymus became a member of the â€Å"Illustrious Brotherhood of Our Blessed Lady† in 1486 and became a ‘sworn member’ in 1488 (Jheronimus Bosch Art Center). With this membership, Hieronymus entered the social elite of the city. Several other members of the brotherhood were Jan Heyns, the architect of the Saint John’s Cathedral, and Pieter van Os, secretary of the city (Verbeek 193). Through his new friendships, Hieronymus received several orders, such as the designing of the two altar-wings for the chapel of the Saint John’s Cathedral and the design of a stained glass window for the chapel of the Illustrious Brotherhood (Bosing 14). The members of the Brotherhood were mainly clergymen and scholars. Not only was the Brotherhood a potential client for Hieronymus, also the separate members could act as clients. The influence of the Brotherhood was probably very large on het life of Hieronymus. At least he met many other artists, from inside and outside the city, like the architect Alart Duhamel and sculptor Adriaan van Wesel (Van Dijck 53). Hieronymus was also said to be a member of a sect, the â€Å"Brethren of the Free Spirits†, also known as the â€Å"Adamnites†

Vietnam War Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Vietnam War - Term Paper Example Moreover, it can further be explained that the United States intervention in the Vietnam Wars revealed the earlier impacts of domino impact in Southeast Asia during and at the end of the wars. Domino theory application on the United States involvement in Vietnam wars France began conquering and colonizing Indochina in the late 1850s. It fully colonized Vietnam by 1893 and through the 1884 Treaty of Hue, France declared to rule Vietnam for the next seven decades. Despite the strong military resistance especially by the Can Vuong by 1888, the Southeast Asia became the colony of France. Several Vietnamese resistance movements were formed to oppose the France colonial rule, but none of them was as successful as the Viet Minh common front, managed by the Communist Party of Vietnam (Birkland, 2010). This party was founded by the Chinese Nationalist Party and the United States to oppose Japanese existence. Japanese collaborated with France after France invasion of French Indochina during the World War II. The French managed the affairs of the colony while power was in the hands of the Japanese colonial government. Vietnam Minh was founded on May 1941 to take power from France and also to evict the Japanese occupants. It received support from the Chinese national party and U. S to destabilize Japanese influence over Vietnam. Japan and France collaboration rule in Vietnam went on until the Germans were moved out of France and the French colonial government began holding secret talks with the Free French (Hall, 2007). On 9th March 1945, Japanese army decided to evict all the French from Vietnam after fearing they could no longer trust them. They then took the full control of Vietnam under Bao Dai. Viet Minh fought against the Japanese and defeated them in August 1945. The Japanese surrendered unconditionally creating a power vacuum which gave the Viet Minh an opportunity to enter and grasp power in â€Å"August Revolution† (Burgan, 2006) . The Japanese colonial government supported Vietnam Minh to get rid of French by helping them to imprison all the French officials and surrendering all t heir weapons to them. Viet Minh leader, Ho Chi Minh, declared independence Democratic Republic of Vietnam before a crowd of people in Hanoi on 2nd September 1945. Major allied victors of World War II, however, declared that the Southeast Asia was still under French colonial government. France re-establishment in Vietnam was slow since they had no weapons, soldiers and ships to immediately overtake Vietnam. Super powers therefore, gave the British government to occupy the south. The British troops landed and began rearming French army and part of the remaining Japanese troops in order to support them in retaking southern Vietnam (Birkland, 2010). The British troops left Vietnam on 26th March 1946 and left the power in the